什么是镜头?
镜头是电影制作和视频制作的重要组成部分,因为通过组合不同类型的镜头、角度和摄像机移动方式,制作人可以为每个场景强调特定的情感、思想和动作。
在Stable Diffusion模型的训练中同样加入了镜头的特征信息,所以我们可以使用一些镜头的提示词来实现特定的摄影效果。
镜头尺寸
拍摄主体与相机之间的距离(即构图的大小)决定观众对作品(或主体)的感受。
在长镜头(或宽镜头)中,主体看起来最小;在中景镜头中,它们的大小会大一些;在特写镜头中,它们的大小最大。以下是每一种镜头尺寸对于人物主体在画面中展现部分的参照示意图,可以帮助大家清楚地了解不同镜头尺寸的视觉效果,以及如何区分各种镜头尺寸。
Extreme Long Shot 或者 Extreme Wide Shot
极端远景(或极端宽镜头)会让主体在画面中显得很小,与周围的环境形成对比。可以使用极端远景来让主体感觉遥远或陌生。
关键词:extreme long shot
生图参数:
extreme long shot, film photo, a girl, walking in the desert, highly detailed
Negative prompt: painting, drawing, illustration, glitch, deformed, mutated, cross-eyed, ugly, disfigured, ((multiple girls, )
Steps: 30, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 1951082562, Size: 1536×512, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Version: v1.9.4
Long Shot 或者 Wide Shot
长镜头(也称为宽镜头)的拍摄距离更近一些。如果你的拍摄对象是人,那么他的全身将会出现在画面中——但不会占据整个画面。
在拍摄主体的上下方应该有足够的空间。使用长焦(或广角)镜头,让主体在更大的环境中清晰可见。
宽镜头还可以让我们看到美丽的背景画面,以及围观者的身影,这会让任何重大时刻更具电影感。
在众多的镜头中,长镜头能更好地展现场景设置,让我们更好地了解角色与周围环境的关系。
关键词:long shot
生图参数:
analog film photo a lone girl rests in the midst of an alien desert, long Shot . faded film, desaturated, 35mm photo, grainy, vignette, vintage, Kodachrome, Lomography, stained, highly detailed, found footage
Negative prompt: painting, drawing, illustration, glitch, deformed, mutated, cross-eyed, ugly, disfigured, ((multiple girls, )
Steps: 30, Sampler: DPM++ 2M SDE, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 81871502, Size: 1280×512, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: Analog Film, Version: v1.9.4
Full Shot
全镜头(FS),让主体充满画面,同时强调风景的拍摄技巧。
关键词:full shot, establishing shot, full body shot
生图参数:
photo, full shot, the Guardians of the Galaxy, five persons, a band of interstellar adventurers, are gathered on a verdant meadow, looking at viewer,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 30, Sampler: DPM++ 2M SDE, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 1072191585, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Version: v1.9.4
Medium Wide Shot
中宽镜头(也称为中长镜头)从大约膝盖以上拍摄主体。它在全镜头和中镜头之间取得了平衡。
关键词:medium wide shot
生图参数(测试发现这个镜头尺寸在SD中很不容易控制):
photo, (medium wide shot), a group of criminals, looking at viewer, simple background,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 30, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 1032285976, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: cc3528fb62, Model: LEOSAM-MoonFilm_2_SD15, Denoising strength: 0.4, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, ADetailer model: face_yolov8n.pt, ADetailer confidence: 0.3, ADetailer dilate erode: 4, ADetailer mask blur: 4, ADetailer denoising strength: 0.4, ADetailer inpaint only masked: True, ADetailer inpaint padding: 32, ADetailer version: 24.3.0, Mask blur: 4, Inpaint area: Only masked, Masked area padding: 32, Version: v1.9.4
Cowboy Shot
“牛仔式构图”,它从大约膝盖以上部位来框定主体。之所以被称为“牛仔式构图”,是因为它常用于西部片中,用来框定枪手腰间的手枪或枪套。
关键词:cowboy shot
生图参数:
cowboy shot, photo, the wonder woman, looking at viewer, smile, standing, front of house
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 23075921, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
Medium Shot
中景镜头是电影中常见的镜头之一。它与上面的牛仔镜头类似,但拍摄范围是从腰部向上到躯干的部分。因此,它可以更突出主体,同时让周围的环境可见。
中景镜头似乎是使用最广泛的镜头,但你选择的每个镜头尺寸都会对观众产生影响。中景镜头通常可以用作对话场景的过渡镜头,在该场景中,有一个重要的时刻将在随后的特写镜头中展示。
关键词:medium shot, upper body shot
生图参数:
the wonder woman, looking at viewer, smile, standing, front of house, medium shot, photo,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 84254105, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
Medium Close Up Shot
中景镜头从胸部以上拍摄主体,因此通常更注重面部,但仍然会使主体保持一定的距离。
关键词:medium close up shot
生图参数:
1girl, looking at viewer, smile, standing, front of house, medium close up shot, photo,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 1210666035, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
Close Up
当想要展示主体的情感和反应时,就到了使用特写镜头的时候了。特写镜头会使你的画面充满主体的一部分,如果是人的话,通常是脸部。
特写镜头最适合表现重要时刻。特写镜头尺寸接近到足以捕捉细微的情感,但又不会让我们失去可视性。
关键词:close up
生图参数:
1girl, smile, front of house, close up shot, photo,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 2611684534, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
Extreme Close Up
极端特写是最能填满画面的拍摄方式。通常会拍摄到眼睛、嘴巴和枪栓等细节。在极端特写镜头中,较小的物体会得到更细致的呈现,成为画面的焦点。
关键词:extreme close up
生图参数:
1girl, looking at viewer, blue eyes, glasses, front of house, extreme close up, photo,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 2392535461, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
镜头角度
相机的拍摄角度用于指定相机放置的位置以拍摄画面。相机相对于主体的位置会影响观众对场景的感知。可以同时从多个相机角度拍摄同一场景,以增强效果和情感表达。
Eye Level Shot
眼平拍摄。当被摄主体处于与眼睛平齐的位置时,他们的视角是中立的(既不是居高临下,也不是低人一等)。这模仿了我们在现实生活中看人的方式——我们的视线与他们的视线相连接。
关键词:eye level shot
生图参数:
1girl, gazes straight ahead, blue eyes, glasses, front of house, eye level shot, photo,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 427605919, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
Low Angle Shot
低角度拍摄是从低角度向上拍摄主体,这种拍摄角度通常强调人物之间的权力关系。
关键词:low angle shot、form below
生图参数:
the haughty princess, gazes straight ahead, blue eyes, front of house, low angle shot, from below, photo,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 3816014728, Size: 1530×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
High Angle Shot
在高角度拍摄中,相机朝下对准被摄主体。通常会营造出一种卑微或“俯视”被摄主体的感觉。
关键词:high angle shot, from above
生图参数:
a suitor stands downstairs, looking up, blue eyes, front of house, (((high angle shot, from above, ))), photo,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 1496269025, Size: 1530×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
Hip Level Shot
髋部水平拍摄是指相机的高度大约在腰部高度。
关键词:hip level shot
生图参数:
cinematic hip level shot, 1girl, full body, city street, high resolution, vivid colors, sharp focus
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon, illustration
Steps: 30, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 4013946810, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Denoising strength: 0.4, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, ADetailer model: face_yolov8n.pt, ADetailer confidence: 0.3, ADetailer dilate erode: 4, ADetailer mask blur: 4, ADetailer denoising strength: 0.4, ADetailer inpaint only masked: True, ADetailer inpaint padding: 32, ADetailer version: 24.3.0, Mask blur: 4, Inpaint area: Only masked, Masked area padding: 32, Version: v1.9.4
Knee Level Shot
相机高度与被摄主体的膝盖高度大致相同时,如果搭配低角度拍摄,可以强调人物的优越感。
关键词:knee level shot
生图参数:
A band of imperial soldiers, clad in their heavy armor, stand solemnly amidst the rubble and remnants of what was once a grand structure, (((knee level shot))), photo,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 1779990733, Size: 1530×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
Ground Level Shot
地面角度是指相机的高度与被摄主体在同一水平线上。显然,这种拍摄角度可以捕捉到被摄主体所站立的地面上的情况。
关键词:ground level shot
生图参数:
two barefoot, standing, (((ground level shot))), photo,
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 28, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 2924736168, Size: 1530×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, Refiner: sd_xl_refiner_1.0 [7440042bbd], Refiner switch at: 0.8, Version: v1.9.4
Shoulder Level Shot
相机高度大约与你的拍摄对象的肩膀齐平。与眼睛高度拍摄相比,肩部高度拍摄实际上更为常见,眼睛高度拍摄可能会使你的演员看起来比现实中更矮。
关键词:shoulder level shot
Dutch Angle or Dutch Tilt Shot
荷兰角(荷兰倾斜),摄像机会向一侧倾斜。通过这样倾斜地绘制地平线,你可以营造出一种迷失方向的感觉。
关键词:dutch angle, sutch tilt shot
生图参数:
a agent, metro carriage, looks ahead in confusion, (((dutch angle)))
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon
Steps: 30, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 2983833823, Size: 1280×512, Model hash: 7c819b6d13, Model: majicMIX-realistic-麦橘写实_v7, Denoising strength: 0.4, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, ADetailer model: face_yolov8n.pt, ADetailer confidence: 0.3, ADetailer dilate erode: 4, ADetailer mask blur: 4, ADetailer denoising strength: 0.4, ADetailer inpaint only masked: True, ADetailer inpaint padding: 32, ADetailer version: 24.3.0, Mask blur: 4, Inpaint area: Only masked, Masked area padding: 32, Version: v1.9.4
Bird’s Eye View Shot or Overhead Shot
鸟瞰镜头或俯拍镜头。俯拍是从很高的角度向下拍摄,将你的拍摄主体和周围大量的景物都包含在画面中。这可以创造出强烈的空间感和运动感。
关键词:bird’s eye view, overhead shot
生图参数:
a agent, looks ahead in confusion, (bird’s eye view)
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon, illustration
Steps: 30, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 3512208894, Size: 1280×640, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Denoising strength: 0.4, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, ADetailer model: face_yolov8n.pt, ADetailer confidence: 0.3, ADetailer dilate erode: 4, ADetailer mask blur: 4, ADetailer denoising strength: 0.4, ADetailer inpaint only masked: True, ADetailer inpaint padding: 32, ADetailer version: 24.3.0, Mask blur: 4, Inpaint area: Only masked, Masked area padding: 32, Version: v1.9.4
Aerial Shot
空中拍摄。从直升机或者无人机上拍摄,展示大片风景。
关键词:aerial shot, from way up high
生图参数:
a future city, night, brightly lit, (aerial shot), (from way up high)
Negative prompt: anime, cartoon, illustration
Steps: 30, Sampler: DPM++ 2M, Schedule type: Karras, CFG scale: 7, Seed: 1198347570, Size: 1280×512, Model hash: 31e35c80fc, Model: sd_xl_base_1.0, Clip skip: 2, Style Selector Enabled: True, Style Selector Randomize: False, Style Selector Style: base, ADetailer model: face_yolov8n.pt, ADetailer confidence: 0.3, ADetailer dilate erode: 4, ADetailer mask blur: 4, ADetailer denoising strength: 0.4, ADetailer inpaint only masked: True, ADetailer inpaint padding: 32, ADetailer version: 24.3.0, Version: v1.9.4
人物摄影角度
补充一些人物摄影角度。
- front view(正面视角)
- bilaterally symmetrical(对称视角)主体左右或上下完全相同,镜像般的对称效果。
- side view(侧面视角)
- back view(背面视角)
- fisheye view(鱼眼视角)
- macro view(微距视角)
- high angle(高角度)从较高的位置向下拍摄。
- slightly above(略高角度)传达一种轻微的权威感,或者展现环境的细节和背景的深度。
- straight on(直接视角)给予观众一种自然、直观的观看体验,与画面中的主体面对面。
- hero view(英雄视角)凸显主角重要性和魅力。
- low view(低视角)向上拍摄,让主体看起来更强大,增强视觉冲击力。
- selfie(自拍视角)
资源下载
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云环境体验
因为现在高性能显卡的价格不菲,为了方便体验,我最近在一些云平台上做了镜像,一键启动,不用安装插件、不用下载模型,可以直接体验本文介绍的方法,而且云平台注册一般都有赠送额度,建议大家先在云环境低成本的试试,真正能创造价值了,再考虑购买显卡、本地部署。
云环境使用说明:mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/appmsgal…
以上就是本文的主要内容。后续还有多篇关于AI摄影的教程,以及各种风格照片的生成参数分享,如有兴趣,请及时关注,以免错过重要信息。
参考文章:www.studiobinder.com/blog/ultima…